Hot-tubbing (concurrent evidence) is a procedure where experts give evidence simultaneously and may question each other, directed by the tribunal. The aim is to resolve expert disputes efficiently and identify agreed facts and genuine areas of disagreement.
Tribunals increasingly direct hot-tubbing in complex multi-expert cases where country condition, persecution, and human rights experts disagree on key issues. Experts must prepare joint statements identifying agreed facts and disputed issues before the hearing.
Hot-tubbing is not negotiation — experts must maintain independence throughout concurrent evidence. The expert's duty to assist the tribunal remains paramount. Experts should not advocate for either party's position during concurrent evidence.
Preparation for hot-tubbing requires thorough knowledge of the opposing expert's report, clear identification of methodological differences, and willingness to concede points where the evidence supports it. Adam Pipe 2025 addresses tribunal attendance and concurrent evidence expectations.
Related Resources
- Oral evidence at tribunal
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- Contact us
- Report types hub
- CPIN & Country Guidance
Frequently Asked Questions
What is hot-tubbing in immigration tribunals?
Concurrent evidence where experts give evidence simultaneously and may question each other, directed by the tribunal. Aims to resolve expert disputes efficiently.
How should experts prepare for hot-tubbing?
Experts should prepare joint statements identifying agreed facts and disputed issues before the hearing. Maintain independence — hot-tubbing is not negotiation.